The introduction of several alternative marine fuels and renewable energy is considered an important strategy for maritime decarbonization ( OECD, 2016 Chen et al., 2019). Also, this research explores the potential solutions and countermeasures that might be feasible to deal with the special marine environmental risks posed by alternative-fuel-powered ships in the future.Įmissions arising from maritime transport continue to significantly contribute to air pollution ( IMO, 2021). From a critical perspective, it evaluates and predicts the consequences of these policies together with their shortcomings. This research adopts the method of legal analysis to examine the existing international legal regime for regulating the development of alternative-fuel-powered ships. The existing international legal framework does not address these risks sufficiently. However, the operation of alternative-fuel-powered ships has some special risks, such as fuel spills, vapor dispersion and fuel pool fires. In some studies, nuclear power and electricity are also included in the scope of alternative fuels for merchant ships. These alternative marine fuels include liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied biogas (LBG), hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), etc. The introduction of several alternative marine fuels is considered an important strategy for maritime decarbonization.
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